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The Railways are considered the most important transport means on general level and land transport means on especial level because it forms an active strategic artery through the operations of development. Its usage is distinguished comparing with other transports means for safety, rest, speed, accuracy and environment reservation.

Cham Countries have an important strategic situation. In the past they were considered as an important commercial road for silk, perfumes and spices caravans and a home for civilizations where there is variety in cultures and flourishment in science and arts.
Since the latest of nineteenth century, the importance of laying a railway net appeared in the region to reactivate the historical and the commercial roads, and the political and economical situation for Othmanic Empire and its international relations contributes in the implementation of this concept for economical, politic and military reasons.

The first was constructing a narrow railway between Beirut and Bosra Al Sham via Damascus City for marketing Horan seeds and that was in the latest of nineteenth century, next to this followed a railway project Berlin - Baghdad - Bombay (BBB), which its construction was adopted by German Empire at the aim of dividing the heritance of the sick man and speculating upon Suez Canal.
Based on the this, the investment of the railway had begun starting from Aleppo to Turkey. In 1903 and 1906, there was a joint between Aleppo and Beirut via standard line until Riyak and a narrow line from Riyak to Beirut in 1944.

Sections of eastern and northern nets were completed arriving at Baghdad in 1936. In the south, Al Hijazi Railway was constructed arriving at Al Madina Al Mounawara in 1911.

The developments were followed upon Syrian Railways especially after the Corrective Movement led by the gone president Hafez Al Assad, till the length of the lines in 1990 had reached to 2450 km connecting all the Syrian cities.

The administration of Syrian Railways has undertaken the mission of modernizing the railway net, and its plan and ambition have been presented by developing and modernizing the present net and constructing new lines with international specifications and high speeds reaching to 250 km/h.